The search was limited to a decade in order to facilitate the evaluation of HCPs’ PA promotional practices after the publication of WHO’s 2010 global recommendations on PA for health. Peer reviewed primary articles, written in English and published between February 2010 and February 2020 (a decade of literature) were included in this review. Seven electronic databases comprising, Cinahl, Informit, Medline Ovid, Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, SportDiscus, and The Cochrane Library were searched. The secondary objective was to explore the key determinants impacting on the optimum achievement of PA promotional goals in healthcare systems. Consequently, the main objective of this review was to examine relevant primary peer-reviewed articles in order to synthesize the research evidence on PA promotion from the perspective of HCPs. A thorough review of literature would provide the information that could enhance PA promotional practices, optimise utilization of public health resources, and ultimately improve health outcomes for patients. This will help identify gaps in the literature and give direction for future research. The pressing need for the opinions of key PA stakeholders about key determinants of PA promotion and a sustainable integrated health solution to the growing burden of PI and chronic diseases, highlights the need for a systematic assessment and synthesis of current research on this topic. Studies on the key determinants of the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of PA promotional goals from the perspective of HCPs are required. If these barriers and the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and PI are not urgently addressed, there could be worsening cases of premature deaths, long-term disabilities, hospitalisation, rehabilitation costs, and burden on the healthcare systems.
Other barriers include lack of training and HCPs’ beliefs about a patient’s readiness to change PA habits. Further claims indicated that these opportunities could have been missed because of the brief and non-specificity of HCPs’ advice, lack of knowledge and confidence on the effective strategies for promoting PA, lack of skills, limited time, reimbursements, current workload, and practice barriers. Studies have claimed that several barriers hinder the effective promotion of PA in primary healthcare settings, and that several HCPs miss the opportunities to promote PA to their patients. However, the evidence regarding the key determinant factors that impact on the promotion of PA among HCPs are inconclusive. Future studies could explore the functionality of GP to EP referral pathways to determining what currently works and areas requiring further development. Hence, strategies are required to broaden chronic disease treatment methods to include preventive and integrative PA promotion approaches particularly, between frontline HCPs (e.g., GPs) and PA specialists (e.g., EPs).
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Utilisation of all PA promotional pathways to their full potential could be an essential turning point towards the optimal success of PA promotional goals. There is widespread consensus among healthcare professionals (HCPs) on some aspects of PA promotion.
PA advice or counselling was the most recorded form of PA promotion, limited counselling time was the most reported obstacle while providing incentives was viewed as a key facilitator. Thirty-four (34) studies were identified after systematically searching seven databases for peer-reviewed articles published within the last decade. Healthcare professionals’ perceptions on key determinants impact on the optimum promotion of PA were explored in this review. However, the evidence regarding the effectiveness and benefits of the current forms of PA promotion are inconclusive. Healthcare professionals could be viable conduits for PA promotion.
Physical activity (PA) is a cost-effective and non-pharmacological foundation for the prevention and management of chronic and complex diseases.